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About Breast cancer - signs and symptoms | NHS

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Signs and Symptoms of Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is a common and potentially life-threatening condition that can affect both men and women. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of breast cancer is crucial for early detection and successful treatment. Here are some key indicators to be aware of:

  • Lump or Thickening: The most common symptom is the presence of a painless lump or thickening in the breast tissue, which may be felt during self-examination.
  • Changes in Breast Size or Shape: Any noticeable changes in the size or shape of the breast, or a sudden asymmetry between the two breasts, can be concerning.
  • Skin Changes: Look out for skin changes such as dimpling, redness, puckering, or the development of an orange peel-like texture, which may indicate an underlying issue.
  • Nipple Changes: Changes in the nipple, including retraction (turning inward), discharge (other than breast milk), or an ulceration, should be evaluated by a healthcare professional.
  • Breast Pain: While breast pain is not always a sign of cancer, persistent, unexplained discomfort or tenderness should be assessed.
  • Swelling: Swelling or a lump in the armpit or around the collarbone can be a sign that breast cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes.
  • Nipple Rash: A scaly or crusted rash around the nipple or areola may be indicative of a rare form of breast cancer known as Paget's disease.

It's essential to remember that not all breast lumps are cancerous, but any concerning changes should be promptly discussed with a healthcare provider. Regular breast self-exams, clinical breast exams, and mammograms are key components of early detection and improved outcomes in breast cancer cases. Early diagnosis and treatment offer the best chances of successful recovery.

Breast Cancer – Signs and Symptoms

About Breast Cancer - Signs and Symptoms | NHS

What is Breast Cancer?

Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in the UK. It develops from breast tissue cells and can affect both men and women, although it is significantly more common in women. Early detection and treatment are crucial for improving outcomes, making awareness of its signs and symptoms essential.

Recognising the Signs and Symptoms

Being familiar with how your breasts normally look and feel can help you detect any changes early. Common signs and symptoms of breast cancer include:

Lumps and Thickening

The most common symptom of breast cancer is a new lump or thickened area in the breast, particularly if it is only in one breast. While most breast lumps are not cancerous, it is important to have any unusual lumps checked by a healthcare professional.

Changes in Size, Shape, or Feel

Alterations in the size, shape, or feel of a breast can also signal breast cancer. This may include swelling in one breast, visible distortion, or a feeling of heaviness. Any noticeable change should prompt further investigation.

Skin Changes

Breast cancer can cause changes to the skin, such as dimpling, puckering, redness, or an orange-peel texture. Another sign can be a rash or crusting around the nipple area.

Nipple Changes

Unexplained changes in the nipple, including discharge (which may be bloodstained), inversion (turning inwards), or an unusual appearance, can be indicators of breast cancer and should be evaluated by a healthcare provider.

Additional Signs

Less commonly, breast cancer can cause symptoms such as swelling or a lump in the armpit, shoulder pain, or persistent breast pain that does not change with your menstrual cycle.

When to See a Doctor

If you notice any of these signs or symptoms, it is crucial to visit your GP as soon as possible. Early diagnosis and treatment vastly improve the chances of successful treatment. Screening programs, such as the NHS Breast Screening Programme, can also aid in early detection for women aged 50 and above.

For more detailed information and support, consult the NHS website or speak to your healthcare provider.

Frequently Asked Questions

faq

What are the common symptoms of breast cancer?

Common symptoms of breast cancer include a lump or area of thickened tissue in the breast, a change in the size or shape of one or both breasts, and discharge from your nipples that may be streaked with blood.

What should I do if I find a lump in my breast?

If you find a lump in your breast, it's important to see your GP as soon as possible for further evaluation. Most breast lumps are not cancerous, but it’s important to get them checked.

Can men get breast cancer?

Yes, men can get breast cancer, although it is much less common than in women. Men should be aware of changes in their breast tissue and seek medical advice if any symptoms occur.

What are the less common signs of breast cancer?

Less common signs of breast cancer include a rash around the nipple, dimpling of the skin on the breast, and an inverted nipple. There may also be swelling in the armpit area.

Is pain a common symptom of breast cancer?

Most breast cancers are not painful. However, pain or tenderness in the breast can be a symptom of breast cancer in some cases.

How is breast cancer diagnosed?

Breast cancer is usually diagnosed through a combination of physical examinations, mammograms, ultrasounds, and biopsies. Your GP may refer you to a specialist for further tests.

What is a mammogram?

A mammogram is an X-ray of the breast used to detect abnormalities. It can help identify breast cancer in its early stages before physical symptoms develop.

Are there screening programs for breast cancer in the UK?

Yes, in the UK, women aged 50 to 70 are invited for a routine mammogram every three years as part of the NHS Breast Screening Programme.

What are the risk factors for breast cancer?

Risk factors for breast cancer include age, family history, genetic mutations, hormone replacement therapy, being overweight or obese, and alcohol consumption, among others.

Can breast cancer be inherited?

Yes, certain genetic mutations such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 can increase the risk of breast cancer and may be inherited. Genetic testing is available for those with a significant family history.

What treatment options are available for breast cancer?

Treatment options for breast cancer include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapy. The choice of treatment depends on the type and stage of cancer.

What is the importance of early detection in breast cancer?

Early detection of breast cancer increases the chances of successful treatment and survival. Regular screening and being aware of the signs and symptoms are crucial.

Can lifestyle changes reduce the risk of breast cancer?

Adopting a healthy lifestyle, such as maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, limiting alcohol intake, and eating a balanced diet, can help reduce the risk of breast cancer.

What should I expect during a breast cancer screening?

During a breast cancer screening, a mammogram will be performed. This involves compressing each breast between two X-ray plates to take detailed images. It may be slightly uncomfortable but only lasts a few minutes.

How often should I check my breasts for signs of cancer?

It's recommended to check your breasts regularly, at least once a month. Become familiar with how your breasts normally look and feel so you can identify any changes quickly.

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