What are the environmental impacts of cremation?

Cremation and Carbon Emissions

The process of cremation involves incinerating bodies at high temperatures, which requires significant energy input. This energy consumption contributes directly to carbon emissions, primarily from the burning of fossil fuels to power the cremation ovens.

In the UK, cremations account for a noticeable proportion of greenhouse gas emissions tied to funerary practices. The carbon footprint of a single cremation is estimated to be around 160 kg of CO2, making it a relevant concern for those seeking environmentally conscious options.

Air Pollution and Toxic Substances

Cremation also releases air pollutants, including mercury from dental amalgams. Mercury is a concern because it can settle into the environment and enter the food chain, affecting both wildlife and human health.

While modern crematoria in the UK are equipped with filtration systems to minimise such emissions, the efficiency and maintenance of these systems play a crucial role in controlling pollution levels. Ongoing improvements aim to reduce these pollutants further.

Resource Consumption

The cremation process does not just consume energy; it also uses materials such as metals and coffin woods, which need to be replaced for each service. This continuous demand places a strain on natural resources and increases the environmental footprint.

Efforts are being made to use more sustainable materials in coffins, such as biodegradable options or recycled materials, to mitigate these impacts. These initiatives help lower the environmental burden associated with traditional cremation practices.

Comparison with Other Funeral Options

In the context of environmental impact, cremation is often compared to burial. Traditional burials involve land use and can contribute to soil and groundwater pollution through the use of embalming chemicals.

However, alternative options like natural or green burials offer reduced environmental impacts, promoting decomposition without chemicals and minimal land disruption. These practices are gaining interest as they provide a more eco-friendly approach.

Regulations and Innovations

The UK government continues to implement stricter regulations on crematoria to limit emissions and encourage more sustainable practices. These include setting standards for energy efficiency and air quality management.

Innovations in the industry, such as resomations or water cremation, present promising alternatives. These methods significantly reduce carbon emissions and energy use, aligning better with environmentally sustainable goals.