Are kidney stones a recurring condition?

Are kidney stones a recurring condition?

Kidney stones can be a recurring condition, which means some people develop them more than once. Having one stone does not guarantee another, but the risk is higher if you have had kidney stones before.

In the UK, many people recover from a stone without long-term problems. However, recurrence is common enough that doctors often look for the cause, especially after repeated episodes.

Why kidney stones come back

Kidney stones form when certain substances in urine become too concentrated and crystals begin to join together. If the conditions that caused the first stone remain the same, another one may develop later.

Common factors include not drinking enough fluids, a diet high in salt, excess animal protein, being overweight, and certain medical conditions. Some people also have a family history of stones, which can increase their risk.

Who is more likely to have repeat stones?

People who have already had one kidney stone are more likely to have another than someone who has never had one. The risk is higher if the stone was large, if there have been several stones, or if the cause was not identified.

Repeat stones can also be more likely in people with gout, recurrent urinary tract infections, bowel disease, or certain inherited conditions. Men are slightly more likely than women to develop kidney stones, although they can affect anyone.

How recurrence can be reduced

Drinking plenty of water is one of the most effective ways to lower the chance of another stone. The aim is usually to keep urine pale and clear, which helps reduce the build-up of stone-forming minerals.

Diet changes may also help. For some people, this includes cutting down on salt, avoiding dehydration, and not taking too much calcium or vitamin D unless advised by a clinician.

If you have had more than one stone, your GP may recommend tests to find out what type of stone it was and why it formed. Treatment can then be tailored to reduce the chance of it happening again.

When to seek medical advice

If you think you have another kidney stone, it is sensible to contact your GP or NHS 111 for advice. Symptoms often include severe pain in the back or side, blood in the urine, nausea, or pain when passing urine.

Get urgent medical help if you have a fever, feel very unwell, cannot pass urine, or have severe pain that does not improve. These can be signs of a more serious problem that needs prompt treatment.